| Question |
Answer |
| Q1: Describe the difference between an XML Sitemap and a HTML Sitemap. List the benefits and disadvantages of using each. |
| Feature |
XML Sitemap |
HTML Sitemap |
| Purpose |
Used to store, transport, and structure data independently of how it looks. |
Used to present and format data for display in a browser. |
| Tag structure |
Custom tags allowed. Tags must be properly nested and closed. |
Predefined tags (like <p>, <div>, etc.) used to structure content visually. |
| Error handling |
Strict: even a small mistake like a missing tag breaks the entire file. |
Tolerant: browsers try to render HTML even if it's not perfectly written. |
| Data handling |
Focuses on carrying data — the "what" part. |
Focuses on displaying data — the "how" part. |
| Syntax & case sensitivity |
Case-sensitive (<Title> ≠ <title>). Attributes must be quoted. |
Case-insensitive in most cases (<TITLE> = <title>). Attribute quotes sometimes optional. |
XML Sitemap Pros:
- Data storage and transport: XML is excellent for handling, storing, and sharing structured data between different systems or platforms.
- Custom tags: XML lets developers define their own custom tags, making it great for structuring different types of data.
- Strict formatting: enforces well-formed structure, which leads to consistent and reliable data parsing.
- Platform independent: XML can be used across various platforms and programming languages, offering flexibility for cross-platform communication.
XML Sitemap Cons:
- Complexity: XML can be quite bulky due to its repetitive and nested tag structure, which increases file size.
- High sensitivity to error: A single syntax error (like a missing end tag or unquoted attribute) can invalidate the entire document.
- Not designed for display: XML doesn't handle styling or layout. It only carries the data.
HTML Sitemap Pros:
- Easy to learn and use: HTML has a simpler structure with predefined tags, making it beginner-friendly.
- Flexible in small error: small errors don't break a webpage; browsers do their best to render the page anyway.
- Widely supported: HTML is the foundation of the web and supported by all browsers, making it highly compatible.
- Visual presentation: HTML is designed to control layout and display, which makes it perfect for building user interfaces and webpages.
HTML Sitemap Cons:
- No custom tags: limited to a set of predefined tags, no custom structures like XML offers.
- Poor for data storage or transfer: HTML is not suitable for transporting or storing structured data across systems.
|
| Q2: Evaluate three IDE's (Integrated development environments) and provide a brief summary on the positive and negative aspects of each. Also, in your own words include how it would suit an entry level trainee code developer. |
| IDE |
Positive Aspects |
Negative Aspects |
Suitability for Trainees |
| Visual Studio Code |
- Wide language support (Python, JavaScript, C, etc.)
- Easy to add features via extensions
- User-friendly interface for beginners
- Built-in version control
|
- Overwhelming number of extensions/settings
- Performance drops with many add-ons
|
Excellent for trainees due to its balance of features and usability, though may require guidance on extension selection |
| Atom |
- Clean, straightforward interface
- Built-in Git tools
- Highly customizable
- Beginner-friendly packages
|
- Performance issues with large files
- Slower than other editors
|
Good initial choice for trainees due to simplicity, but may outgrow it as projects become more complex |
| Sublime Text |
- Clean, minimal layout
- Excellent performance
- Cross-platform compatibility
- Lightweight and fast
|
- Requires paid license for full features
- Many features need manual plugin setup
- No built-in debugging
|
Best for trainees who value speed and simplicity, but may require more setup effort for advanced features |
|
| Q3: Provide a brief history on web browser development and the issues encountered by web developers, specifically, the adherence to web standards. |
| Era |
Key Developments |
Standards Issues |
| 1990-1993 |
- Tim Berners-Lee's WorldWideWeb browser
- Mosaic browser introduction
|
No established standards, basic HTML only |
| 1994-1998 |
- Netscape Navigator dominance
- Internet Explorer introduction
- Browser wars begin
|
- Proprietary extensions
- Divergent implementations
- Incompatible features
|
| 1999-2005 |
- IE6 dominance
- Firefox introduction
- Web Standards Project formed
|
- IE6 stagnation
- Inconsistent CSS/JavaScript support
- Need for browser-specific code
|
| 2006-Present |
- Chrome introduction
- Mobile browser growth
- Modern standards adoption
|
- Better standards compliance
- Some remaining inconsistencies
- New feature adoption varies
|
Key Issues: Developers had to create multiple versions of websites or limit designs to work across browsers. Technologies like DHTML and CSS were implemented inconsistently, increasing development costs and complexity.
|
| Q4: What are website testing methodologies? Your answer MUST cover browser compatibility, and website functionality. |
Website testing methodologies are structured approaches and used to ensure a website works correctly, looks consistent, and delivers a smooth experience across different environments. It is important to check everything from how the website functions to how it displays across browsers and devices.
Browser Compatibility Testing
Browser compatibility testing ensures that a website displays and behaves correctly across various browsers (e.g., Chrome, Firefox, Safari, and Edge) and different browser versions. Since each browser can interpret code slightly differently, developers must verify:
- Layout consistency (no broken pages or misplaced elements)
- Font and style uniformity
- Interactive features (like dropdowns or sliders) working correctly
- Responsive behaviour across devices (desktop, tablet, mobile)
Testing often includes manual checks and automation tools like BrowserStack or CrossBrowserTesting.
Website Functionality Testing
Functionality testing focuses on whether the website's features perform as expected. It checks both front-end (user interface) and back-end (server/database) operations.
- All links (internal, external, anchors) work properly.
- Forms accept, validate, and submit data correctly.
- Login/logout processes and user sessions function securely.
- Search features, filters, shopping carts, and payment systems operate without errors.
- Error messages display appropriately when something goes wrong.
This testing helps catch issues that directly impact user tasks and business goals.
| Testing Type |
Methodology |
Key Aspects |
Tools/Approaches |
| Browser Compatibility |
Cross-browser testing to ensure consistent rendering and functionality |
- Layout consistency
- Feature compatibility
- Responsive behavior
|
- BrowserStack
- CrossBrowserTesting
- Sauce Labs
|
| Functionality |
End-to-end testing of all website features and workflows |
- Form validation
- Navigation
- Transaction processing
|
|
|
| Q5: What are the endorsed requirements of accessibility for all NT Government webpages? |
The Northern Territory Government (NTG) has endorsed the World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, which is a widely recognised set of accessibility standards for digital content, including websites.
The endorsement focuses on ensuring that NTG websites and web content meet WCAG 2.0 Level AA compliance. This includes guidelines to make web content more accessible for people with disabilities, including visual, auditory, motor, and cognitive impairments.
| WCAG 2.0 Principle |
Description |
| Perceivable |
Information and user interface components must be presentable to users in ways they can perceive (e.g., text alternatives for images, captions for audio). |
| Operable |
User interface components and navigation must be operable (e.g., allowing keyboard navigation, giving users enough time to read and interact with content). |
| Understandable |
Information and operation of the user interface must be easy to understand (e.g., making text content readable, making websites predictable). |
| Robust |
Content must be robust enough to work across a wide variety of devices, platforms, and assistive technologies (e.g., ensuring compatibility with current and future user agents). |
|
| Q6: How do you think it's best to organise all the assets used for a specific webpage? Think locally on your computer AND within the root folder of the website. |
All of the assets used for a particular webpage are stored on a secure local shared drive in a project-named folder in addition to the website's root folder. It makes the assets easily accessible to every team member, maintain clarity, and efficiency when working with files.
Project Folder Structure:
Rhonda's Spicy Recipes/
├── Assets/
│ ├── Branding/
│ ├── Font/
│ ├── Style/
│ ├── Image library/
│ ├── Iconography/
│ ├── Abstract graphic/
│ ├── Videos/
│ └── Templates/
├── Content/pages/
│ ├── Home/
│ ├── Recipes/
│ ├── Submit a Recipe/
│ └── Q&A/
└── Testing/
├── Feedback/
└── Changes made/
Website Root Folder:
Within the root folder of the website, there is a slight difference with the local share drive, where an "Uploads" subfolder is added under the "Assets" folder for the information/assets uploaded by the user from the "Submit a Recipe" page.
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